Ethnic differences in dentofacial relationships of Turkish and Saudi young adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces

Objectives

The aims of the present study were (1) to determine ethnic differences in craniofacial dimensions between Turkish and Saudi populations and (2) to identify possible gender differences between males and females, based on a sample of untreated young adult subjects with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces.

Methods

In total, 163 cephalometric radiographs were traced and evaluated to compare untreated adults of Turkish and Saudi ethnicity. The Turkish group comprised 86 subjects; 45 females and 41 males. The Saudi group comprised 77 subjects; 39 females and 38 males. For statistical evaluation, an independent-samples t-test was performed.

Results

The Turkish sample had a more retrognathic maxilla and mandible (p < 0.001 for SNA and SNB) and a more vertical direction of facial development (p < 0.001), with Turkish males having more retrusive lips (p < 0.001). Distinctive ethnic differences were found in craniofacial structures between Turkish and Saudi young adults.

Conclusions

It is appropriate to consider these aesthetic differences when a Turkish or a Saudi patient is being evaluated during routine diagnosis and treatment planning.     

Factorial validity and norm data comparison of the Short Form 12 in patients with inflammatory-rheumatic disease

Measuring quality of life is increasingly considered as an outcome criterion in clinical studies. In order to assess quality of life, disease specific as well as generic instruments are used. Generic instruments make it possible to compare outcomes among different indications, but for this purpose a test of the factorial validity of the method in each indication is necessary. In this study, the generic short form 12 was administered to a sample survey of 545 patients with inflammatory-rheumatic disease. Patients data from three scientific rehabilitation research projects were pooled for the analysis. First the structure was tested using confirmatory structural equation modeling. In a second step age and gender specific values were calculated and compared to norm data from the German National Health Survey 1998. The questionnaire‘s structure is acceptable and comparable to international results. Confirmatory analyses support a model allowing covariations of error terms between items of the same subdimensions. The two latent dimension are highly correlated. Crossloadings of items from different subdimension does not improve the model fit significantly. Comparisons with the German norm data shows that the patients are impaired within their physical and mental dimension of subjective health. Higher impairment is evident especially on the physical sumscale. Women show higher impairment in both scales. However no effects of age can be detected. The SF-12 could be used with trust in the study of patients with inflammatory-rheumatic diseases. But physical and mental health can not be seen as indepentently.     

Alcohol consumption in sport: The influence of sporting idols, friends and normative drinking practices

Introduction and Aims. High‐profile sportspeople are posited as role models for others. We examine whether university sportspeople and non‐sportspeople's perceptions of high‐profile sportspeople's (sports stars) and friends perceived drinking behaviours are related to their own drinking behaviours. Further, we examine the importance of drinking with competitors after sports events. Design and Methods. A convenience sample of 1028 participants (58% females, n = 652 sportspeople) from two Australian universities were approached at sporting and university venues. Participants completed a survey booklet containing demographic questions, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, alcohol measure), perceived drinking of high‐profile sportspeople and friends (social norms), and for sportspeople only, items assessing the importance of drinking with competitors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess relationships. Results. Both sporting and non‐sporting participants perceived high‐profile sportspeople to drink less than themselves and their friends. Small significant bivariate relationships were found between high‐profile sportspeople's perceived drinking and self‐reported drinking for sportspeople (r = 0.20, P < 0.0005). However, in multivariate regression models the perceived drinking behaviours of high‐profile sportspeople were not significant predictors of sportspeople's drinking, and were negatively related to non‐sportspeople's drinking. The practice of drinking with competitors after sports and games accounted for an additional 6.1% of the unique variance in AUDIT‐scores (P < 0.0005). Discussion and Conclusions. Sports stars are touted as negative role models when it comes to drinking. Contrary to expectations high‐profile sportspeople were not perceived to be heavy drinkers and their perceived drinking was not predictive of others drinking. Friends' and normative drinking practices were predictors of drinking.[O'Brien KS, Kolt GS, Webber A, Hunter JA. Alcohol consumption in sport: The influence of sporting idols, friends and normative drinking practices. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;676–683]     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

正The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science,a journal with an international scope(ISSN 1672-3597,CN 31-1908/R,Bimonthly),is embodied by‘Springer Verlag'Database,Index Copernicus(IC)and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data(CSTPCD).You can search full text on http://www.springerlink.com/content/1672-3597.     

社会认知偏离量表编制及其军队青年常模

目的: 使用社会认知信息加工理论来评估行为和心理偏离.方法: 适应不良行为如攻击和抑郁等是通过心理加工--行为反应联结构成的,并与特定的知识结构有关.按照"品行障碍和抑郁的发展模型",行为偏离与早期经验、知识结构和社会信息加工相联系.依据这一模型编制了51题的社会认知偏离问卷评估攻击、抑郁和焦虑.11606名中国军事人员完成了评定,收回有效答卷10 891,有效率是93.8%.结果: 问卷的α信度系数为0.81,其与中国人个性评定量表相应分量表的校标关联效度均在0.66以上.该问卷的区分效度显示高分组在加工两半球协同任务时其速度和精确度均低于对照组.结论: 该问卷作为青年军人常模具有一定的信度和效度.     

充分发挥专家在医学期刊审稿中的作用

介绍了在期刊审稿中专家应发挥的作用,探讨了我国医学杂志社或编辑部充分发挥审稿专家作用的几个途径。     

标准操作规范在急诊接诊与分流中的应用

目的 探讨急诊接诊与分流中应用标准操作规范的方法与效果.方法 制订急诊接诊与分流标准操作规范,合理配置人力资源并进行培训.结果 加快了急诊接诊与分流速度(P<0.05),分诊失误率下降(P<0.01),患者满意度提高(P<0.05).结论 规范化、科学的急诊接诊与分流标准实现了快速救治,提高了患者满意度.     

儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的河南农村常模和信效度

目的:对儿童抑郁障碍自评量表应用于河南农村儿童的信效度检验,并建立河南农村常模.方法:在河南全省6个市6个乡镇小学校中采样1742人(男900,女842),平均年龄(11.6±1.7)岁,同时抽取抑郁障碍患儿47例,填写儿童抑郁障碍自评量表. 结果:量表项目分析中各条目与总分相关系数r在0.318 ～0.645之间(P＜0.01).各项目内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.730.重测信度r=0.686(P ＜0.01).抑郁儿童得分低于常模儿童(t=-8.839,P=0.000).根据ROC曲线,常模划界分为14. 结论:儿童抑郁障碍自评量表可用于河南农村儿童抑郁症状的评估,并可用于儿童抑郁障碍的筛查.